Morphological Features and Biological Activity of Different Extracts of Echinops spinosissimus Grown in Saudi Arabia

Based on a shortage of available data Echinops spinosissimus in Saudi Arabia, the current study’s aim was to present some new information topic. Plant samples were collected from different locations northeast Mecca. Out fifteen species this genus found one targeted study. It noted as perennial subshrub that is 30–80 cm length. Its stem gray, striate, and slightly covered with glandular hairs. The epidermis converted into cork cells older parts. vascular system showed continuous siphonostelic structure dissected bundles. lamina abaxially rounded straight. pollen grains are monads, radially symmetric, medium-sized, prolate spheroidal shape an aculeate–foveolate exine structure. its historical pharmaceutical properties, phytochemical properties studied, it ethyl acetate best solvent for producing high amounts bioactive compounds such phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids. obtained extracts appeared exhibit activity against Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. These identified by using HPLC GC-MS. Many detected, protocatechuic acid, gallic rutin, vanillic quercetin, kaempferol. Additionally, four main compounds, including hexadecanoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acids, detected via total antioxidants E. extract exhibited antioxidant capacity free radical-scavenging properties.